Exit Strategy là gì?

An exit strategy defines how and when an owner, founder, or investor will realize the value they have built in a business. Far from being an admission of failure, a well-planned exit is the capstone of a successful business-building journey — and for venture-backed companies, it is the primary mechanism through which investors receive their return. The four most common exit paths are strategic acquisition (being bought by a larger company), financial acquisition (being bought by a private equity firm), initial public offering (listing shares on a stock exchange), and management buyout or succession transfer.

Strategic acquisitions are the most common exit for startups and growth-stage companies. A strategic buyer — typically a larger company in the same or adjacent industry — pays a premium for the target's technology, customer base, team, or market position. The acquirer's internal synergies often justify a purchase price that a purely financial buyer cannot match. Financial buyers (PE firms) focus on cash flow multiples and leverage, typically acquiring profitable businesses with stable revenue and implementing operational improvements before re-selling.

IPOs provide founders and early investors with liquidity through public market participation, but the bar is high: companies typically need $100M+ in revenue with strong growth rates and auditable financials to attract institutional interest. The process is expensive (underwriting fees, legal, compliance), time-consuming (12–18 months of preparation), and subjects the company to quarterly earnings scrutiny and public disclosure obligations.